Acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes related to alkylating agent

Definition

Acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes related to alkylating agent is a subgroup of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN), associated with a treatment of an unrelated neoplastic or autoimmune disease with cytotoxic agents, like cyclophosphamid, platins, melphalan and others. The neoplastic cells typically harbor unbalanced aberrations of chromosomes 5 and 7 (monosomy 5/del(5q) and monosomy 7/del(7q)) or a complex karyotype. It usually presents with multilineage dysplasia and cytopenias 5-10 years after exposure, with symptoms related to the degree of bone marrow failure and the corresponding cytopenia (fatigue, bleeding and bruising, recurrent infections, bone pain).

Also known as AML and myelodysplastic syndromes related to alkylating agent — per MONDO

Also identified as

• NCIT C27913 per MONDO
• Orphanet 102379 per MONDO
• UMLS C1332234 per MONDO

Affected Organs